The Curious Task

Alex speaks with Ádám Lovász about the concept of spontaneous order, examining its philosophical roots in thinkers like Hayek and exploring its applications beyond human societies, including ecosystems and insect colonies, as well as its implications for understanding the limitations of technocratic control in both markets and ecological systems.

References

1. Adam's Author Page on Amazon
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/stores/author/B00LXFHXN8/about?ingress=0&visitId=5dbd96f1-456d-41f2-a1e7-6d59eeaf6ca9&ref_=ap_rdr

2. "The Constitution of Liberty" by Friedrich Hayek
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Constitution-Liberty-Friedrich-Hayek/dp/0226320847

3. "The Sensory Order: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Theoretical Psychology" by Friedrich Hayek
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Sensory-Order-Friedrich-Hayek/dp/0226320944

4. "The Wealth of Nations" by Adam Smith
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Wealth-Nations-Adam-Smith/dp/1505577128

5. "Anarchy, State, and Utopia" by Robert Nozick
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Anarchy-State-Utopia-Robert-Nozick/dp/0465097200

6. "Stigmergic Epistemology, Stigmergic Cognition
   Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1389041707000290

7. "The Road to Serfdom: Texts and Documents -- The Definitive Edition" by Friedrich Hayek
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Road-Serfdom-Fiftieth-Anniversary/dp/0226320553

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Thanks to our patrons including: Amy Willis, Kris Rondolo, and Christopher McDonald.
To become a patron, go to patreon.com/curioustask

Matt speaks with Colin Craig about the Canadian healthcare system, discussing its inefficiencies, long wait times, and potential reforms, while comparing it to healthcare models in other countries and offering practical suggestions for improvement.

References

1. Health Reform Now - the documentary that informs much of this conversation:
   Link: https://secondstreet.org/new-documentary-health-reform-now/ 

2. "Universal Health Care: What the United States Can Learn from the Experience of Other Developed Nations" Panel featuring Karen Davis
   Link: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2838163/

3. "The Healthcare Fix: Universal Insurance for All Americans" by Laurence J. Kotlikoff
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Healthcare-Fix-Universal-Insurance-Americans/dp/0262113147

4. "Cross-Border Healthcare"
   Link: https://www.pgeu.eu/cross-border-health-care/#:~:text=The%20Cross%2DBorder%20Healthcare%20Directive,provided%20certain%20conditions%20are%20fulfilled.

5. "Analytical methods to assess the impacts of activity-based funding (ABF): a scoping review"
   Link: https://healtheconomicsreview.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13561-021-00315-1

6. "Waiting Your Turn: Wait Times for Health Care in Canada, 2022 Report" by Bacchus Barua and Mackenzie Moyer
   Link: https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/waiting-your-turn-wait-times-for-health-care-in-canada-2022

7. "The Overton Window"
   Link: https://www.mackinac.org/OvertonWindow

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Thanks to our patrons including: Amy Willis, Kris Rondolo, and Christopher McDonald.
To become a patron, go to patreon.com/curioustask

To celebrate Sabine’s time at the ILS and her work with the Curious Task, we’re revisiting Sabine’s first appearance as a guest on the podcast.

—

Alex Aragona speaks with Sabine El-Chidiac as she explores the different ways civil society solutions help refugees succeed when they move to their new home.

References from The Curious Task Episode 68 with Sabine El-Chidiac

• You can find Sabine's work on this topic mentioned in the podcast at Police Options here
• The Government of Canada’s website contains a list of all the programs under which economic immigrants are admitted into Canada.
• Here is some more information about the express entry pathway.
• As Sabine noted in the podcast, admission under the Provincial Nominee Program is dependent upon what the destination province deems to be their biggest occupational and employment goals and needs. This link provides a brief overview of the program and hyperlinks to province-specific guidelines.
• You can read more about the UNHCR’s Refugee Status Designation process on their website here, as well as their procedural standards here.
• This is the link to the Government of Canada’s guide to the private refugee sponsorship process.
• Sabine mentioned the work of the Anglican Diocese of Toronto to accommodate and build a community for refugees by performing fundraisers and food drives amongst the parishioners. You can read their mission statement on their website.
• Sabine’s article, The success of the privately sponsored refugee system, discusses some of the themes from this podcast, such as the principle of civil society, and is available for reading on Policy Options.
• Here is a link to the Rapid Impact Evaluation of the Syrian Refugee Initiative developed by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (2016. It compares the outcomes, living standards, and satisfaction of government and privately sponsored Syrian refugees between 2015-2016.
• This is a link to the joint statement to the UN General Assembly by the Ministers of Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland, Argentina, Spain, and New Zealand speaking in favour of community-led sponsorship approaches that Alex briefly mentions on the podcast.
• Here is a link to the official PSR cap published by the Government of Canada. Some examples of the lobbying against PSR caps include the Canadian Council for Refugees and the Canadian Refugee Sponsorship Agreement Holders Association.
• Alex and Sabine discuss Danby Appliances’ CEO Jim Estill’s sponsorship and hiring of over fifty refugee families in Guelph, Ontario. You can read more about this in the article linked here.
• On the podcast, Sabine shares the inspiring story coming out of Haida Gwaii, British Columbia with regards to how the refugees who were once sponsored to the area eventually became systems of support for new incoming refugees. You can follow the community work for refugees in Haida Gwaii through one of their local newspaper’s website.

Alex speaks with Mark Koyama about the historical context and economic implications of the Manila Galleon trade, focusing on how monopolistic practices increased the risk of shipwrecks and the broader lessons for contemporary economics about the unintended consequences of monopoly power.

References

1. "Shipwrecked by Rents" by Mark Koyama, Desiderio Desideri, and Fernando Arteaga
   Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304387823001967 

2. "The Wealth of Nations" by Adam Smith
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Wealth-Nations-Adam-Smith/dp/1505577128

3. "Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance" by Douglass C. North
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Institutions-Institutional-Change-Economic-Performance/dp/0521397340

4. "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations" by Adam Smith
   Link: https://www.econlib.org/library/Smith/smWN.html

5. "The East India Company: A History" by Philip Lawson
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/East-India-Company-Philip-Lawson/dp/0582073855

6. "Empire: How Britain Made the Modern World" by Niall Ferguson
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Empire-How-Britain-Made-Modern/dp/0141007540

7. "The Rise and Fall of the Spanish Empire" by William Maltby
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Rise-Fall-Spanish-Empire/dp/1403917922

Summary

Alex speaks with Jacob Levy about the concept of a liberal party, exploring its philosophical foundations, historical context, and touch on all of these points within the context of Jacob's article "The Liberal Party Idea" (2024).

References

1. The Liberal Party Idea by Jacob Levy:
   Link:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381323406_The_liberal_party_idea_and_American_ideology

2. "On Liberty" by John Stuart Mill
   Link: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/34901/34901-h/34901-h.htm

3. "The Constitution of Liberty" by Friedrich Hayek
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Constitution-Liberty-Friedrich-Hayek/dp/0226320847

4. "The Federalist Papers" by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay
   Link: https://guides.loc.gov/federalist-papers/full-text

5. "Reflections on the Revolution in France" by Edmund Burke
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Reflections-Revolution-France-Edmund-Burke/dp/0199539022

6. "Democracy in America and Two Essays on America" by Alexis de Tocqueville
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Democracy-America-Alexis-Tocqueville/dp/0140447601

7. "Two Treatises of Government" by John Locke
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Two-Treatises-Government-John-Locke/dp/1616190345

8. "Political Liberalism" by John Rawls
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Political-Liberalism-John-Rawls/dp/0231130899

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Thanks to our patrons including: Amy Willis, Kris Rondolo, and Christopher McDonald.
To become a patron, go to patreon.com/curioustask

Sabine speaks with Nathan Goodman about the complexities of border control and domestic policy, focusing on how these issues intersect with libertarian philosophy, the economic implications of immigration, and the ethical considerations of state power in regulating borders.

References

"The Law of Peoples" by John Rawls
Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Law-Peoples-John-Rawls/dp/0674005422

"The Machinery of Freedom: A Guide to Radical Capitalism" by David D. Friedman
Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Machinery-Freedom-Guide-Radical-Capitalism/dp/1507785607

"Anarchy, State, and Utopia" by Robert Nozick
Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Anarchy-State-Utopia-Robert-Nozick/dp/0465097200

"The Ethics of Liberty" by Murray Rothbard
Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Ethics-Liberty-Murray-N-Rothbard/dp/0814775594

"Borders of Justice" edited by Etienne Balibar, Sandro Mezzadra, and Ranabir Samaddar
Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Borders-Justice-Etienne-Balibar/dp/1439906858

"Free to Move: Foot Voting, Migration, and Political Freedom" by Ilya Somin
Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Free-Move-Migration-Political-Freedom/dp/0190054581

"Politics in Plural Societies: A Theory of Democratic Instability" by Alvin Rabushka and Kenneth A. Shepsle
Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Politics-Plural-Societies-Democratic-Instability/dp/0205617611

Thanks to our patrons including: Amy Willis, Kris Rondolo, and Christopher McDonald.
To become a patron, go to patreon.com/curioustask

Alex speaks with Ignacio Cofone about the intricacies of privacy in the digital era, examining how personal data is collected, inferred upon, and the legal frameworks that govern these practices, as elucidated in Ignacio Cofone's book, "The Privacy Fallacy."

Episode Notes:

1. "The Privacy Fallacy: Harm and Power in the Information Economy" by Ignacio Cofone
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Privacy-Fallacy-Power-Information-Economy/dp/1316518116

2. "The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power" by Shoshana Zuboff
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Age-Surveillance-Capitalism-Future-Frontier/dp/1541758005

3. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
   Link: https://gdpr.eu/

4. "Privacy and Freedom" by Alan F. Westin
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Privacy-Freedom-Alan-F-Westin/dp/1935439979

5. "Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, Version 2.0" by Lawrence Lessig
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Code-Laws-Cyberspace-Lawrence-Lessig/dp/0465039146

6. "Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness" by Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein
   Link: https://www.amazon.ca/Nudge-Improving-Decisions-Health-Happiness/dp/014311526X

7. "The Right to Privacy" by Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis
   Link: https://www.cs.cornell.edu/~shmat/courses/cs5436/warren-brandeis.pdf

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Thanks to our patrons including: Amy Willis, Kris Rondolo, and Christopher McDonald.
To become a patron, go to patreon.com/curioustask

Matt speaks with Bruce Pardy about the rule of law in Canada, implications of the notwithstanding clause, the evolving interpretation of the Charter, and the balance between individual rights and state power. 

References

1. Friedrich Hayek - "The Road to Serfdom" - https://www.amazon.ca/Road-Serfdom-Fiftieth-Anniversary/dp/0226320553
   Discussed in relation to emergent order and skepticism of imposed rules.

2. Magna Carta - "The Magna Carta" - https://www.archives.gov/files/press/press-kits/magna-carta/magna-carta-translation.pdf
   Mentioned as a historical document marking the beginning of limiting the king's power.

3. U.S. Bill of Rights - "The Bill of Rights" - https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/bill-of-rights
   Cited as a document that transferred power from the legislature to the courts in the American context.

4. Section 33 - The Notwithstanding Clause - "Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms" - https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/csj-sjc/rfc-dlc/ccrf-ccdl/check/art33.html
   Discussed as a controversial clause allowing legislatures to override certain rights.

5. Adam Smith - "The Wealth of Nations" - https://www.amazon.ca/Wealth-Nations-Adam-Smith/dp/1505577128
   Referenced in discussions on free markets and the role of government.

6. John Locke - "Two Treatises of Government" - https://www.amazon.ca/Two-Treatises-Government-John-Locke/dp/1616190345
   His ideas on government and individual rights were mentioned.

7. Milton Friedman - "Capitalism and Freedom" - https://www.amazon.ca/Capitalism-Freedom-Anniversary-Milton-Friedman/dp/0226264211
   Cited in discussions about the role of government in economic affairs.

Thanks

Thanks to our patrons including: Amy Willis, Kris Rondolo, and Christopher McDonald.
To become a patron, go to patreon.com/curioustask

Alex speaks with Rosolino Candela about the morality and dynamics of illicit markets, focusing on the transition from central planning to privatization in post-Soviet Russia and the role of property rights in shaping economic behaviors and attitudes.

References:

Rosolino's Website - https://www.rcandela.com/ 
Timothy Fry - Property Rights and Property Wrongs - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316661727 
Peter Boettke - Soviet Studies - https://www.peter-boettke.com/soviet-studies 
Classical Economics - https://www.britannica.com/money/classical-economics 
Constantine Menges - https://www.hudson.org/domestic-policy/an-appreciation-of-constantine-menges 
Ayn Rand - Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand - https://aynrand.org/novels/objectivism-the-philosophy-of-ayn-rand/ 
Ludwig von Mises - Human Action - https://mises.org/library/book/human-action 
Milton Friedman - Capitalism and Freedom - https://ctheory.sitehost.iu.edu/resources/fall2020/Friedman_Capitalism_and_Freedom.pdf 

Matt speaks with Matt Zwolinski about Bleeding Heart Libertarianism and the diverse perspectives within libertarian thought, discussing its history, philosophical foundations, and contemporary issues, including debates on social justice, individual rights, and the role of government.

References:

The BHL blog: https://bleedingheartlibertarians.com/ 

Hayek on SEP including his thoughts on social justice and libertarianism:  https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/friedrich-hayek/ 

John Tomasi and Matt Zwolinski's book "The Individualists" - https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691155548/the-individualists 

Roderick Long on natural rights and libertarianism - http://freenation.org/a/f42l1.html 

Eric Mack's page on Tulane U website, including works - https://liberalarts.tulane.edu/philosophy/people/eric-mack-phd 

Ralph Nader on a libertarian alliance with "liberals"/progressives - https://www.wbur.org/radioboston/2014/05/21/ralph-nader 

Billy Christmas on PhilPeople - https://philpeople.org/profiles/billy-christmas 

A summary of American Libertarianism and consequentialism including a reference to Richard Epstein - 
https://usapoliticaldatabase.weebly.com/consequentialist-libertarianism.html 

Alex speaks with Chris Coyne about the complexities and ramifications of war, focusing on the interplay between media narratives, propaganda, and the impact on civil liberties, drawing insights from Coyne's book co-authored with Abigail Hall, which is a satirical guide on war strategies and their broader societal implications.

Episode Notes:

Chris and Abigail's book "How to Run Wars": https://www.independent.org/store/book.asp?id=145 

 

1. Bruce Winton Knight's "How To Run A War": https://www.amazon.com/How-Run-War-Bruce-Knight/dp/B000OMR1KG 

 

2. Herman and Chomsky's "Manufacturing Consent": https://www.amazon.ca/Manufacturing-Consent-Political-Economy-Media/dp/0375714499 

3. Noam Chomsky's website: https://chomsky.info/ 

4. Alexis de Tocqueville's biography, including reference to his distinction between hard and soft despotism: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexis-de-Tocqueville 

 

5. Otto Neurath's "Through War Economy to Economy in Kind" https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-010-2525-6_5 

6. Abigail Hall and Christopher Coyne "Manufacturing Militarism: U.S. Government Propaganda in the War on Terror": https://www.amazon.ca/Manufacturing-Militarism-Government-Propaganda-Terror/dp/1503628361 

 

Sabine speaks with Greta Lynn Uehling about her research on the effects of war on relationships, an underexplored topic in conflict studies.

Episode Notes:

- Greta's book "Everyday War: Conflict in Donbas, Ukraine": https://a.co/d/09MHkjov 

- Homer's "The Illiad": https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliad 

- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv: knu.ua 

- A primer on the concept of "Understanding Everyday Peace": https://heller.brandeis.edu/news/items/releases/2019/winter-2019-magazine-everyday-peace.html 

- The UNICEF report on Mental Health: https://www.unicef.org/topics/mental-health 

- The Battle of Ilovaisk: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ilovaisk 

- The Fullbright program website: https://us.fulbrightonline.org/about 

- The Geneva Convention at ICRC: https://www.icrc.org/en/document/geneva-conventions-1949-additional-protocols 

Alex speaks with Marc-William Palen about the evolution of left-wing visions of free trade from the mid-19th century through the Cold War, highlighting key movements and figures like the Anti-Corn Law League, Karl Marx, and the Fair Trade movement, and contrasting these with protectionist and imperialist policies of the era.

Episode Notes:

Marc-William's book "Pax Economica: Left-Wing Visions of a Free Trade World": https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691199320/pax-economica 

Marx on Free Trade:

https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1888/free-trade/#:~:text=Only%20under%20Free%20Trade%20can,%2C%20wage%2Dlaborers%20there%3B%20hereditary 

The Eric Schliesser episode of the Curious Task mentioned by Alex: https://thecurioustask.podbean.com/e/special-episode-5-eric-schliesser-%e2%80%94-what-is-neoliberalism/ 

Journal of Liberal History's summary of the history of the Anti-Corn Law League:

https://liberalhistory.org.uk/history/anti-corn-law-league/ 

Overview of the history of the Opium Wars:

https://asiapacificcurriculum.ca/learning-module/opium-wars-china#:~:text=The%20Opium%20Wars%20in%20the,China%20lost%20both%20wars. 

A primer on the origins of Fair Trade and the Haslemere Declaration: 

https://imperialglobalexeter.com/2018/05/03/what-fair-trade-was-originally-about-the-haslemere-declaration-of-1968/ 

Matt speaks with Joanna Baron about how government measures during the pandemic undermined civil liberties in North America and beyond. 

Episode Notes:

- Brian Bird's PhD Thesis: https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/4j03d4180 

- Fraser Institute: 

https://www.fraserinstitute.org/ 

- The Forgotten Fundamental Freedoms - Dwight G. Newman

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3803888 

- Joanna's book with Christine Van Geyn "Pandemic Panic: How Canadian Government Responses to COVID-19 Changed Civil Liberties Forever" https://a.co/d/0aNNzvLW 

- "Let's Declare a Pandemic Amnesty" by Emily Oster https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/10/covid-response-forgiveness/671879/ 

Sabine speaks with Jonathan Blanks about why and how systemic racism exists in society, and what can potentially be done to curb it in various aspects of institutional life. 

Episode Notes:

- The Foundation for Research on Equal Opportunity: https://freopp.org/

- An article by Jonathan on defining systemic racism: https://freopp.org/what-systemic-racism-is-and-isnt-1213c1c972ff

- Ghettoside: A True Story of Murder in America (2015) by Jill Leovy https://a.co/d/8f9JGqB 

- 13th trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K6IXQbXPO3I 

Alex speaks with Kevin Erdmann about how zoning, the 2008 economic crisis, and the desire to live away from "those people" is effecting the state of housing today. 

Episode Notes:

Kevin's page at the Mercatus Centre:

https://www.mercatus.org/scholars/kevin-erdmann

The Erdmann Housing Tracker:

https://kevinerdmann.substack.com/ 

Kevin on X:

https://x.com/KAErdmann?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor 

Kevin's book "Shut Out: How a Housing Shortage Caused the Great Recession and Crippled our Economy" on Amazon Canada: 

https://a.co/d/gIh82Og 

Alex speaks with Dominic Parker about his 2024 paper with Dean Lueck entitled "The Economic Origins And Extent Of America's First Environmental Agencies"

Episode Notes:

Dominic's paper: https://aae.wisc.edu/dparker/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2024/11/Lueck-and-Parker-Agencies-November-2024.pdf 

Some history on the conservation movement from 1850-1920 via the American Library of Congress:

https://www.loc.gov/item/00529694/ 

 

 

 

Alex speaks with Ryan Bourne as he explores the misconceptions around inflation and the dangers of price controls, emphasizing how prices act as signals to coordinate economic activity and promote growth. Ryan explains the adverse effects of government intervention in setting prices, such as shortages, quality declines, black markets, and inefficient resource allocation.

Episode Notes:

- Ryan’s book that serves as the basis for most of the discussion:
https://a.co/d/6B4n1Uf 

- Summary of Friedman, Monetarist School and the K-percent rule https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/monetarism.asp#:~:text=In%20his%20book%2C%20%22A%20Monetary,a%20fixed%20percentage%20per%20year

- Explanation of greedflation: https://cssh.northeastern.edu/what-is-greedflation-and-is-it-driving-higher-prices/ 

- Kahneman and Thaler's research: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1806070  

- Clemens on minimum wage 

https://econweb.ucsd.edu/~j1clemens/pdfs/ClemensMinWageCatoPolicyAnalysis867.pdf 

Alex speaks with Donner prize nominee Kent Roach about a topic that many Canadians may overlook when thinking about issues that are recurring at home: wrongful convictions and its victims. 

Episode Notes:

- Kent's award-winning book "Wrongfully Convicted: Guilty Pleas, Imagined Crimes, and What Canada Must Do to Safeguard Justice" https://a.co/d/d9mB5cN

- Canadian Registry of Wrongful Convictions: https://www.wrongfulconvictions.ca/ 

- The Innocence Project at Cardozo: https://innocenceproject.org/about/ 

- Blackstone's ratio: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone%27s_ratio 

- Charles Smith (pathologist) background: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/dr-charles-smith-the-man-behind-the-public-inquiry-1.864004 

- R v Gladue: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_v_Gladue 

- Richard Catchaway case: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/richard-catcheway-wrongful-conviction-1.4681737 

- The Morin case on CRWC https://www.wrongfulconvictions.ca/cases/guy-paul-morin 

- The Goudge report on pediatric forensic pathology: https://wayback.archive-it.org/16312/20211207211516/https://www.attorneygeneral.jus.gov.on.ca/inquiries/goudge/index.html 

- The David Milgaard case: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Milgaard 

Matt speaks with Ethan Nadelmann about drug decriminalization, legalization, and the slow end to the drug war in Canada and the United States, and how successes and failures in both countries compare to those abroad.

Episode Notes:

The Drug Policy Alliance website: https://drugpolicy.org/

Some history on Portugal's Drug Harm Reduction Programs: https://americanaddictioncenters.org/blog/portugals-harm-reduction-policies 

Philip Owen's obituary highlighting some of his successes in Vancouver as mayor: https://vancouver.citynews.ca/2021/10/02/dtes-philip-owens-four-pillars// 

Larry Cambell's call for opioid legalization: https://globalnews.ca/news/3260074/make-prescription-opioids-legal-says-senator-and-former-mayor-larry-campbell/ 

"Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness" on Amazon Canada: https://a.co/d/36Y1M4L 

Peltzman's original article studying drug availability: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1830639 

Ed Preble's "Taking Care Of Business":

https://doi.org/10.3109/10826086909061998